The Numfmt command converts the numbers to/from human readable format. It reads the numbers in various representations and reformats them in human readable format according to the specified options. If no numbers given, it reads the numbers from the standard input. It is part of the GNU coreutils package, so don't bother installing it. In this brief tutorial, let us see the usage of Numfmt command with some practical examples in Linux.
Numfmt Command Examples
Picture a complex number, for example ‘1003040500’. Some Mathematics experts can easily find the human readable representation of this number in seconds. However, it is bit hard for many people including me. This is where Numfmt command comes in help.
Here are some example commands demonstrating the usage of the numfmt command in Linux.
1. Convert Numbers to Human Readable Format:
Run the following command to convert the given in human readable form.
$ numfmt --to=si 1003040500 1.1G
Let us go for some really long and more complex number than the previous number. How about "10090008000700060005"? Bit hard, right? Yes. But the Numfmt command will display the human readable format of this number instantly.
$ numfmt --to=si 10090008000700060005 11E
Here, si refers the International System of Units (abbreviated SI from systeme internationale , the French version of the name).
So, if you use si, the numfmt command will auto-scale numbers according to the International System of Units (SI) standard.
The Numfmt also uses the following unit options too.
- iec and iec-i - Auto-scale numbers according to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard.
- auto - With this method, numbers with ‘K’,‘M’,‘G’,‘T’,‘P’,‘E’,‘Z’,‘Y’ suffixes are interpreted as SI values, and numbers with ‘Ki’, ‘Mi’,‘Gi’,‘Ti’,‘Pi’,‘Ei’,‘Zi’,‘Yi’ suffixes are interpreted as IEC values.
- none - no auto-scaling.
Here is some more examples for the above options.
$ numfmt --to=iec 10090008000700060005 8.8E
$ numfmt --to=iec-i 10090008000700060005 8.8Ei
We have seen how to convert the numbers to human readable format. Now let us do the reverse. Meaning - We are going to convert the numbers from human readable format to their actual numeric representations.
2. Convert Numbers from Human Format to Numeric Value:
To convert numbers from the SI (International System of Units) format to its equivalent numeric value, run:
$ numfmt --from=si 1G 1000000000
$ numfmt --from=si 1M 1000000
$ numfmt --from=si 1P 1000000000000000
We can also do this with iec and iec-i standards.
$ numfmt --from=iec 1G 1073741824
$ numfmt --from=iec-i 1Gi 1073741824
$ numfmt --from=auto 1G 1000000000
$ numfmt --from=auto 1Gi 1073741824
Like I already mentioned, when using "auto", the numbers with ‘K’,‘M’,‘G’,‘T’,‘P’,‘E’,‘Z’,‘Y’ suffixes are interpreted as SI values, and numbers with ‘Ki’, ‘Mi’,‘Gi’,‘Ti’,‘Pi’,‘Ei’,‘Zi’,‘Yi’ suffixes are interpreted as IEC values.
Numfmt command can also be used in conjunction with other commands. Have a look at the following examples.
3. Formatting a Number with Decimal Precision:
$ echo "12345678.12345678" | numfmt --format "%.2f"
This command formats the number "12345678.12345678" with a decimal precision of two, resulting in the output "12,345,678.12".
4. Converting Binary to Decimal:
$ echo "101010" | numfmt --from=auto --to=decimal
This command converts the binary number "101010" to its decimal equivalent, resulting in the output "42".
5. Formatting Large File Sizes in Human-Readable Format:
$ ls -l | awk '{print $5}' | numfmt --to=iec --suffix=BThis command retrieves the file sizes from the output of the 'ls -l' command, then uses numfmt to format them in a human-readable format using IEC units (e.g., kilobytes, megabytes). The "--suffix=B" option appends the 'B' suffix to indicate bytes.
6. Converting Seconds to Minutes:
$ echo "180" | numfmt --from=auto --to=minutes
This command converts the value "180" representing seconds to minutes, resulting in the output "3".
7. Formatting and Summing Numeric Values from a File:
$ cat numbers.txt | numfmt --field=2 --format="%'.2f" --sum
Assuming the 'numbers.txt' file has multiple lines with two columns, this command formats the values in the second column with a comma as the thousands separator and a decimal precision of two. The "--sum" option calculates and displays the sum of those values.
8. Convert values expressed in SI format to their numeric equivalents:
$ echo 1G | numfmt --from=si 1000000000
This command allows you to convert values expressed in SI format, such as "1G" representing 1 gigabyte, to their numeric equivalents using the "numfmt" utility.
9. Convert values expressed in IEC format to their numeric equivalents:
$ echo 1G | numfmt --from=iec 1073741824
This command allows you to convert values expressed in IEC format, such as "1G" representing 1 gibibyte, to their numeric equivalents using the "numfmt" utility.
10. Display disk space information in human-readable SI units:
$ df -B1 | numfmt --header --field 2-4 --to=si
This command allows you to display disk space information using the df command and convert the sizes to human-readable SI units using the numfmt utility.
11. Display the file sizes in a human-readable format using SI units:
$ ls -l | numfmt --header --field 5 --to=si
This command allows you to list the files and directories with their sizes in a human-readable format using the ls command and the numfmt utility.
Heads Up: Please note that the ls and df commands already have "--human-readable" option to display the outputs in human readable form. The above examples are given just for the demonstration purpose only.
You can tweak the output using "--format" or "--padding" options as well.
12. Pad to 5 characters, right aligned using '--format' option:
$ du -s * | numfmt --to=si --format="%5f"
13. Pad to 5 characters, left aligned using '--format' option:
$ du -s * | numfmt --to=si --format="%-5f"
14. Pad to 5 characters, right aligned using '--padding' option:
$ du -s * | numfmt --to=si --padding=5
15. Pad to 5 characters, left aligned using '--padding' option:
$ du -s * | numfmt --to=si --padding=-5
For more options and usage, refer man pages.
$ man numfmt
These examples illustrate various scenarios where the numfmt command can be useful for formatting, converting, and processing numeric values in Linux. Feel free to adapt and modify these commands according to your specific needs.
Remember, the specific usage and options for the numfmt command may vary slightly depending on your Linux distribution and the version of coreutils installed.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here's a FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) for the numfmt command:
The numfmt command is a utility in Linux used for formatting and converting numeric values in various formats.
You can use numfmt to format numbers by specifying options such as decimal precision, thousands separators, and padding.
Yes, numfmt can convert numbers between units like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, etc., making it useful for handling data sizes.
Yes, numfmt can handle numbers in scientific notation and format them according to specified options.
Yes, numfmt can be used in scripts or for batch processing by providing input through command-line arguments or file redirection.
Yes, numfmt provides various options to customize formatting, such as specifying the format, padding, and output field width.
The numfmt command is typically included in coreutils, which is installed by default on most Linux distributions.
No, numfmt is primarily focused on formatting and converting numeric values rather than performing calculations.
You can pipe the output of a command that generates CSV data into numfmt to format specific columns or fields.
You can refer to the numfmt manual page by typing "man numfmt" in the terminal, or you can access online resources and tutorials for detailed examples and usage instructions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the numfmt command in Linux is a versatile utility that simplifies the formatting and conversion of numeric values. It provides a convenient way to manipulate numbers, convert units, and customize the representation of data.
Whether you need to format numbers in a specific locale, convert file sizes, or apply custom formatting options, numfmt is a powerful tool at your disposal.
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