A while ago, we discussed how to Install Softwares offline in Ubuntu. In that guide, we explained how can you download packages in an Internet-enabled system, and install them in another system that has slow or no Internet connection. In this tutorial, we will see how to download packages with dependencies locally in Ubuntu, Debian, Pop OS and other DEB-based systems.
Using this method, we can download a .deb package along with all required dependencies without actually installing it. This way we can download packages from one system and install them later in the same system itself or any other system that has no Internet connection. We can also download packages for different architecture systems. For example, it is possible to download the 32 bit packages from a 64 bit system and vice versa.
Table of Contents
Download packages with dependencies locally in Ubuntu
We can do this in two methods. I tested this guide on Ubuntu 16.04 and 18.04 LTS desktop editions. It worked just fine as described below.
Method 1: Download Packages including Dependencies
This is the simplest and straight-forward method than other other methods given below.
To download a package with all dependencies, without installing them, just run:
$ sudo apt-get install --download-only <package_name>
For instance, let us download the Vim package with all required dependencies, without installing them, using command:
$ sudo apt-get install --download-only vim
Sample output:
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: ctags vim-doc vim-scripts The following NEW packages will be installed: vim 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 82 not upgraded. Need to get 1,152 kB of archives. After this operation, 2,852 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.1 [1,152 kB] Fetched 1,152 kB in 3s (372 kB/s) Download complete and in download only mode
As you see in the above output, we have downloaded Vim package will all dependencies, but we didn't actually install it.
All downloaded files will be saved in /var/cache/apt/archives directory.
Just copy the entire cache folder on any USB or transfer them via network to a system that you wanted to install the packages in it.
To install the downloaded packages, go to the cache folder and install them as shown below.
$ sudo dpkg -i *
See? It's that simple!
However, this method only works if the system that you use to download the packages does not have the main package or its dependencies installed locally.
If you try to download a package which is already installed in the same system itself, you will see an output like below.
$ sudo apt-get install --download-only vim Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done vim is already the newest version (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.3). 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
In such cases, use "apt-rdepends" to download all packages as described in the following section.
Method 2: Download Packages with Dependencies Recursively
The previous solution only fetches dependencies one layer deep. For a recursive solution to download packages and all their dependencies at all levels, you can use the tool apt-rdepends.
If apt-rdepends is not installed yet, install it using command:
$ sudo apt install apt-rdepends
And then download the main package (i.e. Vim in our case) along with all dependencies using command:
$ apt download $(apt-rdepends vim | grep -v "^ ")
This command will recursively download all required packages.
Just in case if you encountered with an error like below:
E: Can't select candidate version from package debconf-2.0 as it has no candidate
Try this command instead:
$ apt-get download $(apt-rdepends vim | grep -v "^ " | sed 's/debconf-2.0/debconf/g')
This command will download Vim with all needed packages and save them in the current working directory.
To install all downloaded packages, run:
$ sudo dpkg -i *
Method 3: Download Packages along with their Dependencies
First, download the dependencies of the package you wanted to download.
To display list of all dependencies of a package, for example Python, run:
$ sudo apt-cache depends python
Sample output:
python PreDepends: python-minimal Depends: python2.7 Depends: libpython-stdlib Conflicts: <python-central> Breaks: update-manager-core Suggests: python-doc Suggests: python-tk Replaces: python-dev
Let us download python package with its dependencies to our local disk.
To do so, first create a directory to save the packages.
$ mkdir python
Go to the directory:
$ cd python
And then run:
$ for i in $(apt-cache depends python | grep -E 'Depends|Recommends|Suggests' | cut -d ':' -f 2,3 | sed -e s/'<'/''/ -e s/'>'/''/); do sudo apt-get download $i 2>>errors.txt; done
The above command will download Python package along with all required dependencies and saves them in the current working directory. This command will also save any errors in the errors.txt file.
Let us view the downloaded files using 'ls' command:
$ ls
Sample output:
errors.txt libpython-stdlib_2.7.11-1_amd64.deb python2.7_2.7.11-7ubuntu1_amd64.deb python-doc_2.7.11-1_all.deb python-minimal_2.7.11-1_amd64.deb python-tk_2.7.11-2_amd64.deb
As you see in the above output, python package with all its dependencies has been downloaded.
Just copy them to your USB drive and install the python packages on any offline system as shown below.
Mount the USB drive, go to the location where you have mounted the drive, and run the following command to install Python.
$ sudo dpkg -i *
Suggested Read :
Download Packages with Dependencies Locally for a Specific Architecture
You might notice that the above command has downloaded the 64 bit packages. It is because I am downloading them from the 64-bit Ubuntu system. What if you want to download packages for 32-bit arch systems? It's also possible!
First, enable the architecture you want in your Ubuntu system using command:
$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
If you don't add the architecture, you will get the following error message when try to download the packages.
E: No packages found
After enabling the Architecture of your choice, run the following command to download specific architecture related packages.
$ for i in $(apt-cache depends python:i386 | grep -E 'Depends|Recommends|Suggests' | cut -d ':' -f 2,3 | sed -e s/'<'/''/ -e s/'>'/''/); do sudo apt-get download $i 2>>errors.txt; done
As you see in the above output, I have added the architecture 'i386' with 'apt-cache' command.
Sample output:
Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main i386 python-minimal i386 2.7.11-1 [28.2 kB] Fetched 28.2 kB in 1s (25.8 kB/s) Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main i386 python2.7 i386 2.7.11-7ubuntu1 [220 kB] Fetched 220 kB in 1s (116 kB/s) Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main i386 libpython-stdlib i386 2.7.11-1 [7,664 B] Fetched 7,664 B in 0s (13.3 kB/s) Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main i386 python-tk i386 2.7.11-2 [28.0 kB] Fetched 28.0 kB in 1s (24.8 kB/s)
Let us check the downloaded packages.
$ ls
Sample output:
errors.txt libpython-stdlib_2.7.11-1_i386.deb python2.7_2.7.11-7ubuntu1_i386.deb python-minimal_2.7.11-1_i386.deb python-tk_2.7.11-2_i386.deb
See? The above command downloaded the 32 bit packages only.
You know now how to download packages with dependencies in Ubuntu systems. These methods are same for all DEB-based systems.
20 comments
Hi, could this all be done using apt instead of dpkg so apt is aware of the changes so a apt update would be aware?
Also can this be done on a online Ubuntu 20 for a offline Ubuntu 18 server?
Thank you for this. I had an extremely frustrating time getting apt-offline actually working. Every article starts with the assumption that one simply installs only the single binary and misses the fact that there are 56 dependencies required.
I have been having an issue with offline installation due to dependency whack-a-mole. The command included in this post is fine for quickly fetching all the dependencies one layer deep, but some dependencies have dependencies themselves. There needs to be a recursive solution.
You can use apt-rdepends to create a list of all dependencies recursively for the package you want to download. I have already included the steps in this guide.